What is the difference between a bruise or a haematoma?

• Bruise: A bruise is caused by the rupture of small blood vessels (capillaries) under the skin, leading to localized bleeding. Bruises typically appear as flat, discolored areas on the skin and can change color as they heal. 

• Haematoma: A hematoma occurs when blood pools outside of blood vessels, often due to injury. It can form in various tissues and may be associated with significant pain and swelling. Haematomas can develop deep within the body or just beneath the skin, appearing as a raised, tender area. 

Key Differences

• Healing Time: Bruises typically heal within a week or two, while hematomas may take longer to resolve and sometimes require medical intervention if they do not improve. 

• Appearance: Haematomas are generally larger and may present as a bulge or swelling, while bruises are usually flat against the skin surface. 

• Symptoms: Haematomas often cause more significant pain and tenderness compared to bruises, which may be sore but less painful. 

Causes

Both conditions can result from trauma, such as falls, sports injuries, or accidents. However, haematomas may also occur due to more severe injuries involving larger blood vessels, while bruises are more common with minor injuries. 

Treatment and Care

• Bruises: Most bruises heal on their own without treatment. Applying ice to the area can help reduce swelling and pain. Over-the-counter pain relievers may also be used. 

• Haematomas: While many haematomas resolve naturally, some may require medical evaluation, especially if they are large, painful, or located near vital organs. In certain cases, drainage may be necessary. 

When to Seek Medical Attention

If you experience severe pain, significant swelling, or if the haematoma or bruise does not improve over time, it is advisable to consult a healthcare professional for further evaluation.